Which song is a legacy of the war of 1812

A searchable database of heavily illustrated records allows users to view and learn about a great variety of everyday objects, such as clothing, household and military items, and decorative arts.

Records pertaining to newspaper articles, personal letters, and business documentation are included. Catharines Museum. The Library and Archives of Canada has developed a rich series of pathfinders on military history. The From Colony to Country Web site outlines key events in Canadian history and features a pathfinder on the War of This guide is prefaced by a general overview of the War.

English and French documents from the collection are cited. Items cited that are not held by this national institution are clearly noted. The guide offers an extensive bibliography of resources written from the Canadian viewpoint, including general references and overviews, military operations, the aboriginal peoples, and personal narratives, art, music, literature, and Web resources. General Society of the War of The General Society is a confederation of state societies in which membership requires proof of decadency of a War of veteran.

The society preserves documents relating to the War of , encourages research and the preservation of historical data, including memorials and graves. The Web site includes contact information for all affiliated state societies, a list of state officers, and links to military and genealogical resources.

Guide to the War of The Library of Congress houses a great amount of material germane to the War of It features annotated links from such units as the American Memory Historical Collection, which includes the papers of Thomas Jefferson and a searchable database of the papers of James Madison; Prints and Photographs Division, with lithographs and engravings of famous battles; and online exhibits, including an exposition on the burning of Washington, D.

Of note is a digital image of the proclamation by President Madison announcing the U. Military Resources: War of This guide provides links to and advice on accessing War of and related information from the National Archives and Records Administration, including War of discharge certificates, records of impressed seamen, and genealogical records.

Also included are links to other resources. Included on the Web site are transcriptions of original primary documents such as letters written by key political figures about the war and articles appearing in contemporary broadsheets. Access: www. War of Archives of Ontario. The Archives of Ontario have developed an extensive online exhibit on the War of citing battles fought in Canadian and the U.

A helpful table of contents breaks the information down into several categories dealing with the battles, personalities, and political issues of the war. CUSICK And they didn't like the fact that slaves ran away into those territories and that also the Spaniards had a habit of allowing their free people of color, their free men of color to join in their local militias and train as soldiers and go under arms.

So, you know, probably the immediate consequences in the South were directed at trying to weaken Spanish control of the area, trying to weaken Native American control. Long before anything happened with the Civil War, what that probably led to was the wars of Indian removal, which affected the Seminoles, which affected the Creek, which certainly came to the forefront when Andrew Jackson, a military hero of the War of , became president.

Tell us a little about that. And in they make a very major raid, first against Washington and ultimately they're gonna end up attacking Fort McHenry in Baltimore, but this is really a raid in response to at least the burning of the government buildings, response to an American raid that has been made against York in Ontario, which is the capital of lower Canada at that point.

And whether by accident or whether on purpose, those Canadian government buildings are burned by an American raid. And of course in doing so they set fire to the White House and Dolly Madison has that moment when she saves the Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington.

And that's one of the things I think people remember from the war, as well. But the British troops are only in Washington for a couple of days. Again, they set fire to the town. And you have to remember that Washington at this point really is a very small place. It's not nearly the national capitol that it will become even in the days before the Civil War.

But there is something that really strikes to the national psyche of, well, how dare you burn our national capitol. Well, we're gonna take a short break and when we come back, we'll talk to a professor who is an American Indian about what this conflict meant for American Indians.

Stay with us. He is a professor of history at Arizona State University. Thanks so much for joining us. In my view, the War of is really kind of the last standpoint for American Indians to make a final resistance.

And of course, there's -- one of the other battles and famous battles that ensued, but this one was one massive effort led by Shawnee leader by the name of Tecumseh to gather many native people according to tribal communities to stop the American advancement. Is that right? And actually, I'm part Shawnee, the same background that Tecumseh came from. For American Indians, is this an event that looms large? His legacy, because of this war, because of this vision to form a massive Native American army to stop the American settlement from coming in to the Ohio country and for the west.

He also had allies. He was Creek Indian. His mother was Creek as well as I'm part Creek. What happened to that? FIXICO Well, when you look at overall, a lot of people might say, well, he did not succeed because he did not win the victory. But when you think about how that his vision begin to be realized with the gathering of many native people from at least about two dozen groups, I mean, that were Shawnees and Pottawattamis and out to the west, you know, Kickapoos and Osage and into the south, Creeks and Seminoles.

FIXICO He traveled in, like, an entourage, you know, to gather all these people because they spoke different languages. And that was one of the huge obstacles because they spoke different languages, he formed a common cause and bring them all together. And that was his vision. And that actually worked because when they begin to form a gathering at the Prophetstown or also known as Tippecanoe. That was the first forming of this very large collective group.

FIXICO Yes, he did, at the Battle of the Thames in Canada because he -- when you have such a plan and you tell the warriors of many different groups that you will lay down your life, it's going to be worth your life that you're actually die in battle and he does. Tell us about what the British role was.

So Tecumseh really knew that he could not defeat the United States without British help. And the British realized the same thing. So, in turn they became partners and obviously, you know, fought against the United States. And when you look at the overall activity of native people in this War of , stretching from about to about , there are like 40 battles, skirmishes, fire fights, things like that.

Forty is such a large number. PAGE Yes, that is. And what happened to that British-Indian alliance? And largely with William Henry Harrison on the western frontier, then he becomes the other kind of major kind of master player of chess, you know, with Tecumseh.

They form strategy against each other. They work against each other. And so, they almost become legends, at least in this kind of Indian part of the War of FIXICO The legacy of the war really leaves a kind of a memory that, well, if there was going to be one large campaign to stop the westward settlement and advancement towards the west, then that would be right here. There are going to be other battles obviously, you know, that took place but this was the first major resistance.

Troy, anything you would add to the perspective of what this meant for American Indians? I mean, the British had of course allied with a large number of American Indians during the American Revolution, making all sorts of promises to stop American advancement and so on.

And there was a kind of a period of cooling off and so on. And then in , , it flares up again. They ally again. And the interesting thing is that they very much are allies of convenience. From a British perspective, they're looking for allies to help stop the American advancement. Those American Indians living inside Canada are very slow to ally themselves to the British and help defend Canada.

They ultimately do, but it takes a lot of pushing and shoving and so on to get them to do so. And one of the promises that the British make to bring allies in is they offer them their own country. And they start to push for that when they start negotiating with the Americans.

But as always, they quickly abandon it. And effectively leave the American Indians to themselves afterwards, just like they had in He writes: "How about the Battle of Lake Erie? The victory in this battle settled the question of boundaries on the lakes. It was glorious as battles go and gave us a memorable quote or two. Quote, 'we have met the enemy and they are ours -- two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop.

And this ties in with William Henry Harrison, too, who's trying to move into the northwest territories, capture Detroit. And there are really very small forces on the Great Lakes. But Perry is in charge of building the American fleet. And his fleet with those two principal brigs, the Niagara and the Lawrence sails Lake Erie.

But these two fleets come at one another in September of in a place called Put-in-Bay, which is very close to Sandusky, OH.

And in the beginning there's very little wind. And, you know, for a sailing ship to really be able to operate and gain what's called the weather gauge, you really have to have some wind blowing. He kind of gets ahead of things and all of the British fleet are concentrating their fire power on the Lawrence. And at that point, it's, gosh, some people would say that Perry perhaps should have struck his colors.

But his flying a flag with the words: Don't give up the ship. And he takes that and rows over to the brig that really hasn't engaged yet from the American side, the Niagara. And, of course, what happens is that the British flotilla surrenders. And this is one of the few times in British naval history that an entire flotilla has struck its colors.

And the end result, even though there were relatively small numbers and small ships engaged is that the Americans become masters of Lake Erie. And what that enables William Henry Harrison to do is to cross from Detroit into Ontario and fight that Battle of the Thames that included Tecumseh that we talked about a moment ago. PAGE Interesting.

We have actually a tweet from someone who writes: "My eighth grade history students in Tecumseh, MI sing a War of version of Aretha Franklin's 'Respect' when we study this era. Let's go to David. He's calling us from Cincinnati, Ohio.

David, hi, you're on the air. And the reason -- I was shaving when I heard this. So the -- my whole family began in the War of because my great, great grandfather was a conscript into the British army and taken away from Napoleon.

He comes from the Piedmont area, if you know northern Italy. It was not unified yet and there was unintelligible. And the Royal Piedmont word? DAVID And so when they landed in Lake Champlain, promptly within the first week, of these men just deserted, the Italian-speaking or French-speaking, depending on where or what they spoke at home. And my great, great grandfather moved literally from word? And from that one single individual, he then the whole is spread throughout the United States.

Thanks so much for your call. James, what do you think? It really was, in some ways, a national war. Today I think when people tour sites, they do tend to think of the northern borders, the Canadian and U.

But in fact you can find important sites from this war all over the United States. And American militias and American troops were heavily involved in it.

Tell us about the role of slaves and free blacks in the War of There were many black sailors in the American Navy. There were a lot of runaway slaves and blacks and also black regiments fighting for the British. The Spanish in Florida had black militia units fighting for them. And in many cases, this was an avenue to escape slavery, sometimes to escape the borders of the American South and win freedom elsewhere. You'd asked before about how it affected the Civil War.

Well, we know during the Civil War that the confederacy condemned Union efforts at recruiting and using black troops. That wasn't anything new. Black troops have been fighting in the America since the s.

In fact, when the British pulled out of the South, they left the Florida Apalachicola River, well-fortified, well-armed that was a magnet for runaway blacks.

There was a huge black maroon population there of several hundred people after the war. That was considered so dangerous in the South that in American forces moved in and destroyed that fort. Let's talk to Jeremy. He's calling us from Salem, IL. Hi, Jeremy. I got a question. I had read some British history books.

And the British seem to -- the one in the history books I read portrayed the war as a war of expansion from the United States, trying to prey on Britain when Britain was locked in a war with Napoleon. And they said that was the real cause of the war. Of course, this is from the British point of view.

And they had said that basically there was very little support for the war in New England, which would have been the case if there was actually a war about pressing soldiers into service. But, Troy, tell us about the British perspective. We talked about the Americans and the Canadians. What about the British? The British look at the Americans as a threat. The Americans don't have any kind of any significant military. But as a result of Britain's being tied down in the Napoleonic wars, the American merchant navy grows enormously.

And by the time we're getting to about or so, the American merchant navy is only second to the British. The American merchant navy is controlling a lot of what's called the carrying tray. A Maryland-born attorney with a thriving practice in Washington, D. Key had been helping to negotiate the release of an American civilian, Dr.

William Beanes, who had been captured in an earlier battle. As a condition of the release, the British ordered the Americans not to return to shore during the attack on Baltimore. Back in Baltimore, he continued working until he had completed four verses only one of which is commonly known today.

Written around by John Stafford Smith, the song honored the ancient Greek poet Anacreon, a lover of wine. The Anacreontic Song, as it was known, had a track record of popularity in the United States by Key himself had even used the tune before, as accompaniment for verses he wrote in commemorating American naval victories in the Barbary War. After the war of , Key continued his thriving law career.

He did speak out against the cruelties of the institution of slavery, but did not see abolition as the solution. Instead, Key became a leader of the colonization movement, which advocated the relocation of black slaves to Africa and eventually resulted in the modern nation of Liberia. By the s, the U. S military had adopted the song for ceremonial purposes, playing it to accompany the raising and lowering of the colors.

The practice soon spread across major league baseball, and into other sports, and eventually became a widely accepted pregame tradition. The Star-Spangled Banner, Smithsonian. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!